Effective Atomic Number (EAN) : It can be defined as the resultant number of electrons with the metal atom or ion after gaining electron from the donor atom of the ligands.
In order to explain the stability of a complex, Sidgwick proposed effective atomic number.The EAN generally coincides with the atomic number of next noble gas in some case.
EAN can be calculated by following relation-
EAN = atomic number of the metal - number of electron lost in the ion formation + number of electron gained by the donor atom of the ligands.
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